检查硬盘SN¶
我在实践 PCIe bifurcation 时候，需要在NVMe扩展卡上安装多个NVMe SSD磁盘。启动服务器之后，识别出2个NVMe SSD，需要确认是识别了哪2个NVMe SSD。
有不少Linux工具可以获得硬盘信息，例如 Linux系统硬件信息检测工具hwinfo ，但是并不是所有工具能够获得硬盘SN，而且随着存储技术发展，传统的机械磁盘逐渐被SSD或者 NVMe存储 SSD 替代，一些原本维护HDD的工具并不能兼容新的固态硬盘检查维护。
smartctl(推荐)¶
smartctl 是 smatmontools 工具包的组件，提供了 存储设备S.M.A.R.T监控 功能。这是一个非常适合检查服务器存储的工具，而且对SSD和NVMe SSD的兼容也非常好。这个工具是我实践下来可以检查NVMe SSD的最佳程序。
安装
smartmontoolssudo apt install smartmontools
检查NVMe:
sudo smartctl -i /dev/nvme0n1
同理检查不同的NVMe磁盘，分别输出如下:
$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/nvme0n1
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: SAMSUNG MZVL21T0HCLR-00B00
Serial Number: S676NF0R908202
Firmware Version: GXA7401Q
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x144d
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x002538
Total NVM Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 6
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Namespace 1 Utilization: 0
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64: 002538 b911b37f97
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:11:17 2021 CST
$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/nvme1n1
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: SAMSUNG MZVL21T0HCLR-00B00
Serial Number: S676NF0R908144
Firmware Version: GXA7401Q
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x144d
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x002538
Total NVM Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 6
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Namespace 1 Utilization: 0
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64: 002538 b911b37f5d
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:12:01 2021 CST
smartctl还支持对SSD硬盘检查:sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
输出类似:
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Intel 545s Series SSDs
Device Model: INTEL SSDSC2KW512G8
Serial Number: BTLA7513037S512DGN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 5cd2e4 14eea7536
Firmware Version: LHF002C
User Capacity: 512,110,190,592 bytes [512 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:45:16 2021 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
使用
smartctl检查机械硬盘:sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdb
目前服务器上有3个机械硬盘，输入如下:
$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 7200.4
Device Model: ST9500420AS
Serial Number: 5VJ9R32K
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 02efa5b15
Firmware Version: 0001BSM2
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:48:45 2021 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdc
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Hitachi/HGST Travelstar Z7K500
Device Model: HGST HTS725050A7E630
Serial Number: TF652AWE04A6JV
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 81bc1f7d0
Firmware Version: GH2OA420
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:49:19 2021 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdd
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-89-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9500325AS
Serial Number: 5VE7X2Q7
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 01eae2511
Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Mon Nov 8 09:49:30 2021 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
lshw¶
lshw 类似 Linux系统硬件信息检测工具hwinfo 工具，支持DMI(只用于x86和IA-64)，OpenFirmware设备树(PowerPC), PCI/AGP, CPUID(x86),IDE/ATA/ATAPI, PCMCIA,SCSI和USB。
使用
lshw检查磁盘:sudo lshw -class disk
实际上 lshw 对传统HDD支持较好，但是不能完整展示NVMe SSD信息:
*-namespace
description: NVMe namespace
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1
size: 953GiB (1024GB)
configuration: logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
...
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: INTEL SSDSC2KW51
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 002C
serial: BTLA7513037S512DGN
size: 476GiB (512GB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=3cdb3a71-60d4-41f2-884f-c347b9dcae21 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
hdparm¶
hdparm 也是传统的HDD检测工具，适合机械硬盘和SSD，但是不支持NVMe SSD设备:
sudo hdparm -i /dev/nvme0n1
提示错误:
/dev/nvme0n1:
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
hdparm支持SATA接口的SSD:sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda
显示:
/dev/sda:
Model=INTEL SSDSC2KW512G8, FwRev=LHF002C, SerialNo=BTLA7513037S512DGN
Config={ Fixed }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=off
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=1000215216
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=disabled
Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-2,3,4,5,6,7
* signifies the current active mode
hdparm也支持SATA的HDD:sudo hdparm -i /dev/sdb
输出:
/dev/sdb:
Model=ST9500420AS, FwRev=0001BSM2, SerialNo=5VJ9R32K
Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=disabled
Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-4,5,6,7
* signifies the current active mode