运行sway窗口管理器

安装

Kali Linux 环境安装 sway :

apt安装sway

sudo apt install sway wofi

Kali Linux 默认使用的图形登陆管理器可以自动管理 sway 的登陆会话，并且会正确设置 wayland显示服务器协议显示服务，所以只需要在图形登陆管理器中选择 sway 登陆就是这个平铺WM了。

我最终改为 Raspberry Pi OS 工作环境，采用精简安装，没有安装窗口管理器。那么最方便自动启动 sway 的方法是在环境配置(例如 ~/.zshrc )添加以下内容:

复制sway个人配置

if [ -z $DISPLAY ] && [ "$(tty)" = "/dev/tty1" ]; then
  exec sway
fi

这样启动到字符终端就会立即启动 sway ，而 sway 图形管理器退出后会立即再次启动 tty ，也就是再次自动登陆到 sway

使用设置

sway窗口管理器使用fcitx5 输入法可以非常完美使用中文，但是需要注意
- 默认 foot 终端虽然能够输入中文，但是无法现实中文候选字词，所以改为 qterminal (默认 Kali Linux 的 xfce 配套终端模拟器，轻量级且功能完备)就可以正常输入中文
- chromium 无法输入中文(显示运行没有问题)，不过好在 firefox 使用中文输入正常，所以我同时采用这2个浏览器取长补短
配置定制，先将全局配置复制到个人目录下:

复制sway个人配置

mkdir -p ~/.config/sway
cp /etc/sway/config ~/.config/sway/

我的配置:

sway个人配置

# Default config for sway
#
# Copy this to ~/.config/sway/config and edit it to your liking.
#
# Read `man 5 sway` for a complete reference.

### Variables
#
# Logo key. Use Mod1 for Alt.
# 我尝试过使用 Alt ，但是有些应用默认内置了 Alt 作为快捷键，可能会有冲突
set $mod Mod4

# Home row direction keys, like vim
# 结合 $mod + 移动键可以快速在4个方向上移动聚焦窗口
set $left h
set $down j
set $up k
set $right l

# Your preferred terminal emulator
# 将默认foot终端修改成qtermianl可以支持fcitx中文输入
#set $term foot
set $term qterminal

# Your preferred application launcher
# Note: pass the final command to swaymsg so that the resulting window can be opened
# on the original workspace that the command was run on.
set $menu dmenu_path | dmenu | xargs swaymsg exec --

include /etc/sway/config-vars.d/*

### Output configuration
#
# Default wallpaper (more resolutions are available in /usr/share/backgrounds/sway/)
output * bg /usr/share/backgrounds/sway/Sway_Wallpaper_Blue_1920x1080.png fill
#
# Example configuration:
#
#   output HDMI-A-1 resolution 1920x1080 position 1920,0
#
# You can get the names of your outputs by running: swaymsg -t get_outputs

### Idle configuration
#
# Example configuration:
#
# exec swayidle -w \
#          timeout 300 'swaylock -f -c 000000' \
#          timeout 600 'swaymsg "output * dpms off"' resume 'swaymsg "output * dpms on"' \
#          before-sleep 'swaylock -f -c 000000'
#
# This will lock your screen after 300 seconds of inactivity, then turn off
# your displays after another 300 seconds, and turn your screens back on when
# resumed. It will also lock your screen before your computer goes to sleep.

exec_always fcitx5 -d --replace

### Input configuration
#
# Example configuration:
#
#   input "2:14:SynPS/2_Synaptics_TouchPad" {
#       dwt enabled
#       tap enabled
#       natural_scroll enabled
#       middle_emulation enabled
#   }
#
# You can get the names of your inputs by running: swaymsg -t get_inputs
# Read `man 5 sway-input` for more information about this section.

### Key bindings
#
# Basics:
#
    # Start a terminal
    bindsym $mod+Return exec $term

    # Start chromium with wayland
    bindsym $mod+o exec chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --proxy-server="http://192.168.10.9:3128"
    
    # Start firefox
    bindsym $mod+i exec firefox

    # Kill focused window
    bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill

    # Start your launcher
    bindsym $mod+d exec $menu

    # Drag floating windows by holding down $mod and left mouse button.
    # Resize them with right mouse button + $mod.
    # Despite the name, also works for non-floating windows.
    # Change normal to inverse to use left mouse button for resizing and right
    # mouse button for dragging.
    floating_modifier $mod normal

    # Reload the configuration file
    bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload

    # Exit sway (logs you out of your Wayland session)
    bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec swaynag -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit sway? This will end your Wayland session.' -B 'Yes, exit sway' 'swaymsg exit'
#
# Moving around:
#
    # Move your focus around
    bindsym $mod+$left focus left
    bindsym $mod+$down focus down
    bindsym $mod+$up focus up
    bindsym $mod+$right focus right
    # Or use $mod+[up|down|left|right]
    bindsym $mod+Left focus left
    bindsym $mod+Down focus down
    bindsym $mod+Up focus up
    bindsym $mod+Right focus right

    # Move the focused window with the same, but add Shift
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$left move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$down move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$up move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$right move right
    # Ditto, with arrow keys
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
#
# Workspaces:
#
    # Switch to workspace
    bindsym $mod+1 workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+2 workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+3 workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+4 workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+5 workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+6 workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+7 workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+8 workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+9 workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+0 workspace number 10
    # Move focused container to workspace
    bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number 10
    # Note: workspaces can have any name you want, not just numbers.
    # We just use 1-10 as the default.
#
# Layout stuff:
#
    # You can "split" the current object of your focus with
    # $mod+b or $mod+v, for horizontal and vertical splits
    # respectively.
    bindsym $mod+b splith
    bindsym $mod+v splitv

    # Switch the current container between different layout styles
    bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
    bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
    bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split

    # Make the current focus fullscreen
    bindsym $mod+f fullscreen

    # Toggle the current focus between tiling and floating mode
    bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

    # Swap focus between the tiling area and the floating area
    bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

    # Move focus to the parent container
    bindsym $mod+a focus parent
#
# Scratchpad:
#
    # Sway has a "scratchpad", which is a bag of holding for windows.
    # You can send windows there and get them back later.

    # Move the currently focused window to the scratchpad
    bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad

    # Show the next scratchpad window or hide the focused scratchpad window.
    # If there are multiple scratchpad windows, this command cycles through them.
    bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
#
# Resizing containers:
#
mode "resize" {
    # left will shrink the containers width
    # right will grow the containers width
    # up will shrink the containers height
    # down will grow the containers height
    bindsym $left resize shrink width 10px
    bindsym $down resize grow height 10px
    bindsym $up resize shrink height 10px
    bindsym $right resize grow width 10px

    # Ditto, with arrow keys
    bindsym Left resize shrink width 10px
    bindsym Down resize grow height 10px
    bindsym Up resize shrink height 10px
    bindsym Right resize grow width 10px

    # Return to default mode
    bindsym Return mode "default"
    bindsym Escape mode "default"
}
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"

#
# Status Bar:
#
# Read `man 5 sway-bar` for more information about this section.
bar {
    position top

    # When the status_command prints a new line to stdout, swaybar updates.
    # The default just shows the current date and time.
    status_command while date +'%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S %p'; do sleep 1; done

    colors {
        statusline #ffffff
        background #323232
        inactive_workspace #32323200 #32323200 #5c5c5c
    }
}

include /etc/sway/config.d/*

GTK应用默认启用wayland所以无需配置，但是QT5应用应用需要设置环境变量引导程序启用Wayland - 配置 /etc/environment 添加

QT5应用环境变量 /etc/environment

QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland

问题和解决方法

由于 sway 使用了前沿的 wayland显示服务器协议图形显示服务，所以有些应用可能无法native支持，或者需要特殊运行参数

firefox可以直接运行在纯 wayland 的 sway 环境
chromium需要指定参数(上文中 sway 配置中采用快捷键绑定启动参数):
```
chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland
```
配置linux系统级代理但是chromium不生效，所以在启动参数上添加 --proxy-server 参数，所以chromium参数如下( 参考 Configure Proxy for Chromium and Google Chrome From Command Line on Linux ):
```
chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland --proxy-server="http://192.168.10.9:3128"
```

如果使用socks5代理，则类似参数 --proxy-server="socks5://127.0.0.1:1080" 。更为方便的方法是使用结合SSH Tunnel和AutoProxy插件翻墙方案中的 Proxy SwitchyOmega

chromium不能使用小企鹅输入法fcitx 输入中文，但是firefox可以，暂时采用双浏览器还没有解决这个问题
audacious 启动需要传递 -Q 参数(QT界面)，使用默认的 -G (GTK界面)无法打开display
音乐播放需要使用 MPD(Music Player Daemon) 服务，特别需要注意默认配置不能使用HDMI输出，需要定制 mpd.conf 配置
VLC可能是最好的视频播放软件，但是我的 sway - i3兼容Wayland compositor 环境运行在树莓派Raspberry Pi 400 需要配置正确的音频设备 ALSA 以及正确的视频设备 wayland显示服务器协议 :
- 音频输出输出:
  - Output module: ALSA audio output
  - Device: bcm2835 HDMI 1,bcm2835 HDMI 1 Default Audio Device
- 视频设备输出:
  - Output: Wayland shared memory video output
  - Fullscreen Video Device: HDMI-A-1

这是我的树莓派Raspberry Pi 400 硬件环境配置，你的设备可能不同，请尝试对应的硬件设备配置。

浏览器
- qutebrowser 是基于QT5的使用vim键盘方式控制浏览器
- Konqueror 是KDE默认浏览器，功能包含了浏览器和文件管理器功能: 缺点是太沉重了，如果不是使用KDE环境则过于复杂
- Falkon 也是KDE开发的浏览器，功能精简，经过验证我发现这个浏览器兼容性好(因为引擎就是chromium的精简QTWebkit核心)而且占用资源少，是理想的 sway - i3兼容Wayland compositor 配套浏览器
- Otter Browser 基于QT5的继承Opera 12的浏览器，但是这个浏览器没有收录在软件仓库，需要源代码编译安装，太过折腾

最终我在移动开发:树莓派开发环境构建中采用 Falkon 作为主力浏览器

`$mod + d` 不能唤起菜单

单独在终端执行 dmenu 命令提示:
```
cannot open display
```

这说明没有支持 native wayland 图形显示服务( dmenu 可以运行在 XWayland 环境 )

参考 arch linux: sway : sway wiki 提供已知兼容sway应用启动器列表，网上有人推荐使用 bemenu ，并且Arch Linux案例也推荐使用 bemenu 。不过，arch linux的仓库是直接提供 bemenu ，但是 kali linux(ubuntu) 软件仓库只提供 wofi ，其他启动器需要自己编译

假如使用 bemenu 在修订 ~/.config/sway/config (我没有尝试)

j4-dmenu-desktop --dmenu='bemenu -i --nb "#3f3f3f" --nf "#dcdccc" --fn "pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 12"' --term='termite'

我使用系统自带 wofi

sudo apt install wofi

然后配置设置(注释掉默认的 $menu 配置):

#set $menu dmenu_path | dmenu | xargs swaymsg exec --
set $menu wofi --show=drun --lines=5 --prompt=""

重新加载 sway 配置: Shift + mod4 + c ，然后就可以通过 mod4 + d 加载应用加载器，非常类似macOS环境的Spotlight搜索功能加载应用程序。

Firefox

在 Firefox 的 about:supprt 页面可以观察Firefox是否已经完全切换到 native wayland :

Window Protocol 应该是 wayland ，如果显示 xwayland 则建议设置环境变朗 set -x MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND 1 然后在启动Firefox观察

Chroium

配置 ~/.config/chromium-flags.conf 添加以下行:

--enable-features=UseOzonePlatform
--ozone-platform=wayland

可以使chromium 运行在wayland模式。

参考

反璞归真 -- Sway上手和配置(2021)
使用Wayland和sway
arch linux: sway
Full Wayland Setup on Arch Linux 这篇文档非常详细介绍了Wayland的配置以及系列软件，工作配置可做借鉴
Working with Wayland and Sway 介绍sway桌面使用经验
Getting started with the i3 window manager on Linux