FreeBSD检查方法¶

在FreeBSD平台，如果需要执行硬件驱动安装，如 FreeBSD NVIDIA驱动或者 FreeBSD无线网络我们首先需要确认硬件品牌和型号。在Linux平台，我们通常会使用 lspci 和 dmidecode 这样的检测命令，那么FreeBSD平台是否有对应的工具呢？

检查架构平台以及release¶

和 Linux 不同， unmae -r 并没有显示running的内核版本，而是显示release版本:
```
$ uname -r
13.1-RELEASE-p2
```
显示硬件平台类型(machine) 使用参数 -m
```
$ uname -m
amd64
```
显示主机名 -n
```
$ uname -n
liberty-dev
```

显示relase的version level 使用参数 -v

$ uname -v
FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC

同时显示上述所有参数的输出使用 -a

$ uname -a
FreeBSD liberty-dev 13.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p2 GENERIC amd64

处理器信息¶

获取处理器信息一种方式是使用dmesg信息:

$ dmesg | grep CPU
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4850HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz (2294.80-MHz K8-class CPU)

另一种方式是使用 sysctl

sysctl -a hw.model

显示输出:

hw.model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4850HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz

此外，获取内存信息也是使用 sysctl

sysctl -a | grep mem

输出信息非常详尽，例如:

...
vfs.tmpfs.memory_reserved: 4194304
vfs.zfs.unflushed_max_mem_ppm: 1000
vfs.zfs.unflushed_max_mem_amt: 1073741824
...
hw.physmem: 17040584704
hw.usermem: 16160497664
hw.realmem: 17179869184
hw.pci.host_mem_start: 2147483648
hw.cbb.start_memory: 2281701376
...

你都可以通过指定 sysctl -a hw.physmem 这样的命令一一对应提取

内存查看工具¶

在Linux平台有很多观察内存使用的工具，已经被很多运维人员熟知。FreeBSD也移植了这些工具:

htop交互式top 提供了详尽的系统观察方法
freecolor 相当于 Linux 的 free 命令:
```
pkg install freecolor
```

使用方法:

freecolor -t -m -o

输出类似:

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         15781        685      15095          0          0          0
Swap:         2048          0       2048
Total:       17829 = (     685 (used) +    17143 (free))

检查swap使用情况使用 swapinfo 工具:
```
swapinfo -m
```

输出类似:

Device          1M-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity
/dev/nvd0p3          2048        0     2048     0%

观察负载¶

和Linux类似，使用 uptime
```
uptime
```

输出类似:

7:03AM  up  3:15, 2 users, load averages: 0.07, 0.04, 0.00

检查系统最近一次重启:
```
last -1 reboot
```

输出类似:

boot time                                  Sun Oct  9 03:48

检查最近一次关机:
```
last -1 shutdown
```

输出类似:

utx.log begins Fri Oct  7 08:09:05 CST 2022

检查用户登陆¶

检查当前谁登陆在系统中:
```
w
```

输出类似:

 7:13AM  up  3:24, 2 users, load averages: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
USER       TTY      FROM            LOGIN@  IDLE WHAT
huatai     v8       :0              3:49AM  3:24 -
huatai     pts/4    192.168.6.200   6:39AM     - w

检查当前登陆人:
```
who
```

输出类似:

huatai           ttyv8        Oct  9 03:49 (:0)
huatai           pts/4        Oct  9 06:39 (192.168.6.200)

用户:
```
users
```

输出:

huatai

检查指定用户登陆情况，例如这里检查 huatai
```
last huatai
```

输出类似:

huatai     pts/5    l-v1l5lvdl-1304.stagin Sun Oct  9 06:48 - 06:49  (00:00)
huatai     pts/4    192.168.6.200          Sun Oct  9 06:39   still logged in
huatai     ttyv8    :0                     Sun Oct  9 03:49   still logged in
huatai     :0                              Sun Oct  9 03:49   still logged in
huatai     ttyv8    :0                     Sun Oct  9 03:44 - shutdown  (00:04)
huatai     :0                              Sun Oct  9 03:44 - shutdown  (00:04)
huatai     ttyv8    :0                     Sun Oct  9 02:08 - 03:43  (01:35)
huatai     :0                              Sun Oct  9 02:08 - 03:43  (01:35)
...

硬件检查¶

pciconf¶

在 Linux 中常用的 lspci ，在FreeBSD中有对应的 pciconf

pciconf -lv

输出类似:

...
vgapci0@pci0:1:0:0:  class=0x030000 rev=0xa1 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x10de device=0x0fe9 subvendor=0x106b subdevice=0x0130
    vendor     = 'NVIDIA Corporation'
    device     = 'GK107M [GeForce GT 750M Mac Edition]'
    class      = display
    subclass   = VGA
hdac0@pci0:1:0:1:    class=0x040300 rev=0xa1 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x10de device=0x0e1b subvendor=0x106b subdevice=0x0130
    vendor     = 'NVIDIA Corporation'
    device     = 'GK107 HDMI Audio Controller'
    class      = multimedia
    subclass   = HDA
none1@pci0:3:0:0:    class=0x028000 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x14e4 device=0x43a0 subvendor=0x106b subdevice=0x0134
    vendor     = 'Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries'
    device     = 'BCM4360 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter'
    class      = network
...

dmidecode¶

FreeBSD也提供了和Linux相同的 dmidecode

pkg install dmidecode

dmidecode 使用案例:

dmidecode

检查处理器:
```
dmidecode -t processor
```

输出信息非常详细

检查内存:
```
dmidecode -t memory
```
检查bios:
```
dmidecode -t bios
```

注意，所有检查类型也可以用数字代替，例如检查 bios 可以用代码0:

dmidecode -t 0

以下是dmidecode的代码列表:

dmidecode检测代码列表¶
代码	说明
0	BIOS
1	System
2	Baseboard
3	Chassis
4	Processor
5	Memory Controller
6	Memory Module
7	Cache
8	Port Connector
9	System Slots
10	On Board Devices
11	OEM Strings
12	System Configuration Options
13	BIOS Language
14	Group Associations
15	System Event Log
16	Physical Memory Array
17	Memory Device
18	32-bit Memory Error
19	Memory Array Mapped Address
20	Memory Device Mapped Address
21	Built-in Pointing Device
22	Portable Battery
23	System Reset
24	Hardware Security
25	System Power Controls
26	Voltage Probe
27	Cooling Device
28	Temperature Probe
29	Electrical Current Probe
30	Out-of-band Remote Access
31	Boot Integrity Services
32	System Boot
33	64-bit Memory Error
34	Management Device
35	Management Device Component
36	Management Device Threshold Data
37	Memory Channel
38	IPMI Device
39	Power Supply
40	Additional Information
41	Onboard Devices Extended Information
42	Management Controller Host Interface

参考¶

FreeBSD Display Information About The System Hardware